public class ColorImageView extends AppCompatImageView {
    //颜色值
    int color;
    Bitmap bitmap;
    Drawable drawable;


    public ColorImageView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        init();
    }

    public ColorImageView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();

    }

    public ColorImageView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        //Drawable包括color和Drawable
        if (getBackground() != null && getDrawable() == null) {
            //只设置了背景图片
            drawable = getBackground();
        } else if (getBackground() == null && getDrawable() != null) {
            //只设置了资源图片
            drawable = getDrawable();
        } else {
            //即设置了背景图片，又设置了资源图片，这样无法准确确认颜色
            //未设置背景图片，以及资源图片src
            return;
        }
        //Drawable包括color和Drawable
        if (drawable instanceof ColorDrawable) {
            ColorDrawable colorDrawable = (ColorDrawable) drawable;
            color = colorDrawable.getColor();
        } else {
            bitmap = ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).getBitmap();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        if (bitmap != null) {
            int x = (int) event.getX();
            int y = (int) event.getY();
            if (x < 0 || x > bitmap.getWidth() || y < 0 || y > bitmap.getHeight()) {
                return false;
            }
            color = bitmap.getPixel(x, y);
        }
        if (color == 0) {
            return false;
        } else {
            if (mOnColorSelectedListener != null) {
                mOnColorSelectedListener.onColorSelectedL(color);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    //回调接口
    public interface OnColorSelectedListener {
        void onColorSelectedL(int color);
    }

    private OnColorSelectedListener mOnColorSelectedListener;
    //set方法方便外部调用接口

    public void setOnColorSelectedListener(OnColorSelectedListener onColorSelectedListener) {
        this.mOnColorSelectedListener = onColorSelectedListener;
    }
}

<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:id="@+id/tv_test"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="测试颜色"
        android:textColor="#000"
        />

    <com.xykj.test.ColorImageView
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:id="@+id/iv_civ"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@mipmap/n_image_colorful"
        />
</LinearLayout>

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    ColorImageView mColorImageView;
    TextView mTextView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //找到控件
        mColorImageView = (ColorImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_civ);
        mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_test);
        //设置监听
        mColorImageView.setOnColorSelectedListener(new ColorImageView.OnColorSelectedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onColorSelectedL(int color) {
                mTextView.setBackgroundColor(color);
            }
        });
    }
}