1.

winec.h

#ifndef WINEC_H
#define WINEC_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <valarray>
#include <string>

template <class T1, class T2>
class Pair{
    T1 a;
    T2 b;
public:
    void set(const T1 &yr, const T2 &bot);
    Pair(const T1 & aval, const T2 & bval) : a(aval), b(bval) {}
    Pair() {}
    int Sum() const ;
    void Show(int y) const ;

};

template <class T1, class T2>
void Pair<T1, T2>::set(const T1 & yr, const T2 & bot)
{
    a = yr;
    b = bot;
}

template <class T1, class T2>
int Pair<T1, T2>::Sum() const
{
    return b.sum();
}

template <class T1, class T2>
void Pair<T1, T2>::Show(int y) const
{
    for(int i=0; i<y; i++)
        cout << "tt" << a[i] << "tt" << b[i] << endl;
}

typedef valarray<int> ArrayInt;
typedef Pair<ArrayInt, ArrayInt> PairArray;
class Wine{
    PairArray b;
    string name;
    int yrs;
public:
    Wine(const char * l, int y, const int yr[], const int bot[]);
    Wine(const char * l, int y);
    void GetBottles();
    string & Label();
    int sum();
    void Show();
};

#endif

winec.cpp

#include "winec.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

Wine::Wine(const char *l, int y, const int yr[], const int bot[])
{
    yrs = y;
    name = l;
    b.set(ArrayInt(yr, yrs), ArrayInt(bot, yrs));
}

Wine::Wine(const char *l, int y)
{
    yrs = y;
    name = l;
}

void Wine::GetBottles()
{
    ArrayInt yr(yrs), bot(yrs);
    cout << "Enter " << name << " data for " << yrs << " year(s):n";
    for(int i=0; i<yrs; i++)
    {
        cout << "Enter year: ";
        cin >> yr[i];
        cout << "Enter bottles for that year: ";
        cin >> bot[i];
    }
    b.set(yr, bot);
}

string & Wine::Label()
{
    return name;
}

int Wine::sum()
{
    return b.Sum();
}

void Wine::Show()
{
    cout << "Wine: " << name << endl;
    cout << "ttYeartBottlesn";
    b.Show(yrs);
}

play.cpp

//直接按题给
#include "winec.h"
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    cout << "Enter name of wine: ";
    char lab[50];
    cin.getline(lab, 50);
    cout << "Enter number of years: ";
    int yrs;
    cin >> yrs;

    Wine holding(lab, yrs);
    holding.GetBottles();
    holding.Show();

    const int YRS = 3;
    int y[YRS] = {1993, 1995, 1998};
    int b[YRS] = {48, 60, 72};

    Wine more("Gushing Grape Red", YRS, y, b);
    more.Show();
    cout << "Total bottles for " << more.Label()
    << ": " << more.sum() << endl;
    cout << "Byen";

    return 0;
}

2.

本题要求在编程练习1的基础上，将包含关系修改为私有继承。那么Pair对象的变量就不需要作为私有变量了，直接继承即可。此时赋值的工作就可以通过初始化列表来完成，而且因为没有变量，需要使用类作用域限定来调用PairArray或者string.

winec.h

#ifndef WINEC_H
#define WINEC_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <valarray>
#include <string>

template <class T1, class T2>
class Pair{
    T1 a;
    T2 b;
public:
    void set(const T1 &yr, const T2 &bot);
    Pair(const T1 & aval, const T2 & bval) : a(aval), b(bval) {}
    Pair() {}
    int Sum() const ;
    void Show(int y) const ;

};

template <class T1, class T2>
void Pair<T1, T2>::set(const T1 & yr, const T2 & bot)
{
    a = yr;
    b = bot;
}

template <class T1, class T2>
int Pair<T1, T2>::Sum() const
{
    return b.sum();
}

template <class T1, class T2>
void Pair<T1, T2>::Show(int y) const
{
    for(int i=0; i<y; i++)
        cout << "tt" << a[i] << "tt" << b[i] << endl;
}

typedef valarray<int> ArrayInt;
typedef Pair<ArrayInt, ArrayInt> PairArray;

class Wine : private string , private PairArray //改为了私有继承
{
//    PairArray b;
//    string name;
    int yrs;
public:
    Wine(const char * l, int y, const int yr[], const int bot[]);
    Wine(const char * l, int y);
    void GetBottles();
    string & Label();
    int sum();
    void Show();
};

#endif

winec.cpp

#include "winec.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

Wine::Wine(const char *l, int y, const int yr[], const int bot[])
: string(l), yrs(y), PairArray(ArrayInt(yr, y), ArrayInt(bot, y))
{}

Wine::Wine(const char *l, int y)
: string(l), yrs(y)
{}

void Wine::GetBottles()
{
    ArrayInt yr(yrs), bot(yrs);
    cout << "Enter " << (const string &) *this << " data for " << yrs << " year(s):n";
    for(int i=0; i<yrs; i++)
    {
        cout << "Enter year: ";
        cin >> yr[i];
        cout << "Enter bottles for that year: ";
        cin >> bot[i];
    }
    PairArray::set(yr, bot);
}

string & Wine::Label()
{
    return (string &) *this;
}

int Wine::sum()
{
    return PairArray::Sum();
}

void Wine::Show()
{
    cout << "Wine: " << (const string &) *this << endl;
    cout << "ttYeartBottlesn";
    PairArray::Show(yrs);
}

检验文件同上。

3.

QueueTp.h

#ifndef QUEUETP_H_
#define QUEUETP_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

template <class T>
class QueueTP
{
private:
    struct Node
    {
        T item;
        struct Node * next;
    };
    enum { Q_SIZE = 10 };
    Node * front;
    Node * rear;
    int items;
    const int qsize;
    QueueTP(const QueueTP & q) : qsize(0) {}
    QueueTP & operator=(const QueueTP & q) { return *this; }
public:
    QueueTP(int qs = Q_SIZE);
    ~QueueTP();
    bool isempty() const;
    bool isfull() const;
    int queuecount() const;
    bool enqueue(const T & item);
    bool dequeue(T & item);
};

#endif

QueueTp.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "QueueTp.h"

template <class T>
QueueTP<T>::QueueTP(int qs) : qsize(qs)
{
    items = 0;
    front = rear = NULL;
}

template <class T>
QueueTP<T>::~QueueTP()
{
    Node * temp;
    while (front != NULL)
    {
        temp = front;
        front = front -> next;
        delete temp;
    }
}

template <class T>
bool QueueTP<T>::isempty() const
{
    return items == 0;
}

template <class T>
bool QueueTP<T>::isfull() const
{
    return items == qsize;
}

template <class T>
int QueueTP<T>::queuecount() const
{
    return items;
}

template <class T>
bool QueueTP<T>::enqueue(const T & item)
{
    if (isfull())
    {
        cout << "Queue already full!n";
        return false;
    }
    Node * newitem = new Node;
    newitem->item = item;
    newitem->next = NULL;
    items++;
    if (front == NULL)
    {
        front = newitem;
    }
    else
    {
        rear->next = newitem;
    }
    rear = newitem;
    return true;
}

template <class T>
bool QueueTP<T>::dequeue(T & item)
{
    if (isempty())
    {
        cout << "It's empty now!n";
        return false;
    }
    else
    {
        item = front->item;
        items--;
        Node * temp = front;
        front = front->next;
        delete temp;
        if (items == 0)
        {
            rear = NULL;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

class Worker
{
private:
    string fullname;
    long id;
public:
    Worker() : fullname("no one"), id(0L) {}
    Worker(const string & s, long n) : fullname(s), id(n) {}
    virtual ~Worker();
    virtual void Set();
    virtual void Show() const;
};

void Worker::Set()
{
    cout << "Enter worker's name: ";
    getline(cin, fullname);
    cout << "Enter worker's ID: ";
    cin >> id;
    while (cin.get() != 'n')
    {
        continue;
    }
}

void Worker::Show() const
{
    cout << "Name: " << fullname << endl;
    cout << "Employee ID: " << id << endl;
}

Worker::~Worker()
{
}

play.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "QueueTP.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    QueueTP<Worker> * Qworker = new QueueTP<Worker>(20);
    Worker w1("Leonardo", 1024);
    Worker w2("Elma", 2035);
    if (Qworker->isempty())
    {
        cout << "Qworker is empty!n";
    }
    Qworker->enqueue(w1);
    Qworker->enqueue(w2);
    cout << "Qworker count: " << Qworker->queuecount() << endl;
    Worker w3("hello", 2);
    Qworker->enqueue(w3);
    Qworker->enqueue(w2);
    cout << "Qworker count: " << Qworker->queuecount() << endl;
    Worker temp;
    Qworker->dequeue(temp);
    cout << "Dequeue: " << endl;
    temp.Show();
    Qworker->dequeue(temp);
    cout << "Dequeue: " << endl;
    temp.Show();
    cout << "Qworker count: " << Qworker->queuecount() << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

4.

person.h

#ifndef PERSON_H_
#define PERSON_H_
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
private:
    string firstname;
    string lastname;
public:
    Person() : firstname("None"), lastname("None") {}
    Person(string fname, string lname) : firstname(fname), lastname(lname) {}
    Person(const Person & p);
    virtual ~Person() = 0;
    virtual void Show() const {cout << "Firstname: " << firstname << "nLastname: " << lastname << endl;}
};

class Gunslinger : virtual public Person
{
    int nick;//刻痕数
    double time; //拔枪时间
public:
    Gunslinger(int n=0, double t=0) : Person(), nick(n), time(t) {}//默认
    Gunslinger(const string fname, const string lname, int n, double t)
    : Person(fname, lname) , nick(n), time(t) {}
    Gunslinger(const Person &p, int n, double t=0)
    : Person(p), nick(n), time(t) {}
    Gunslinger(const Gunslinger &g);
    ~Gunslinger();
    double Draw() const ;
    void Show() const;
};

class PokerPlayer : virtual public Person
{
public:
    int Draw() const ;
    void Show() const ;
    PokerPlayer() : Person() {} // 默认
    PokerPlayer(const string fname, const string lname)
    : Person(fname, lname) {}
    PokerPlayer(const Person &p) : Person(p) {}
    PokerPlayer(const PokerPlayer &p) : Person(p) {}
    ~PokerPlayer();
};

class BadDude : public Gunslinger, public PokerPlayer
{
public:
    BadDude() {};
    BadDude(const string fname, const string lname, int n, double t)
    : Person(fname, lname), Gunslinger(fname, lname, n, t), PokerPlayer(fname, lname) {}
    BadDude(const Person &p, int n, double t)
    : Person(p), Gunslinger(p, n, t), PokerPlayer(p) {}
    BadDude(const Gunslinger &g, int n, double t)
    : Person(g), Gunslinger(g, n, t), PokerPlayer(g) {}
    BadDude(const PokerPlayer &p, int n, double t)
            : Person(p), Gunslinger(p, n, t), PokerPlayer(p) {}
    ~BadDude();
    void Show() const ;
    double Gdraw();
    int Cdraw();
};

#endif

person.cpp

#include "person.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>

Person::Person(const Person &p)
{
    firstname = p.firstname;
    lastname = p.lastname;
}

Person::~Person()
{}

Gunslinger::Gunslinger(const Gunslinger &g) : Person(g)
{
    nick = g.nick;
    time = g.time;
}

double Gunslinger::Draw() const
{
    return time;
}

void Gunslinger::Show() const
{
    cout << "Category: Gunslingern";
    Person::Show();
    cout << "Nicks: " << nick << ", Gun out time: " << time << endl;
}

Gunslinger::~Gunslinger()
{}

int PokerPlayer::Draw() const
{
    return ( rand() % 52);
}

void PokerPlayer::Show() const
{
    cout << "Category: PokerPlayern";
    Person::Show();
}

PokerPlayer::~PokerPlayer()
{}

void BadDude::Show() const
{
    cout << "Category: Bad Duden";
    Gunslinger::Show();
    cout << "Next card: " << PokerPlayer::Draw() << endl;
}

double BadDude::Gdraw()
{
    return Gunslinger::Draw();
}

int BadDude::Cdraw()
{
    return PokerPlayer::Draw();
}

BadDude::~BadDude()
{}

play.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "person.h"
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    srand(time(0));
    const int SIZE = 4;

    Person * p[SIZE];
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
    {
        char flag;
        cout << "Enter the person category:n" << "g: Gunslinger  p: PokerPlayer  b: BadDude  q: Quitn";
        cin >> flag;
        cin.ignore();
        while (strchr("gpbq", flag) == NULL)
        {
            cout << "Please enter a g, p, b, or q: ";
            cin >> flag;
            cin.ignore();
        }
        if (flag == 'q')
            break;

        string fname;
        string lname;
        int n = 0;
        double t = 0;
        cout << "Please enter the first name: ";
        getline(cin, fname);
        cout << "Please enter the last name: ";
        getline(cin, lname);
        switch (flag)
        {
            case 'g':
                cout << "Please enter the nicks: ";
                cin >> n;
                cout << "Please enter the "Gun Out" time: ";
                cin >> t;
                p[i] = new Gunslinger(fname, lname, n, t);
                break;
            case 'p':
                p[i] = new PokerPlayer(fname, lname);
                break;
            case 'b':
                cout << "Please enter the nicks: ";
                cin >> n;
                cout << "Please enter the "Gun Out" time: ";
                cin >> t;
                p[i] = new BadDude(fname, lname, n, t);
                break;
        }
    }

    cout << "nHere is your person:n";
    int j;
    for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
    {
        cout << endl;
        p[j]->Show();
    }
    for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
        delete p[j];
    cout << "Byen";

    return 0;
}

5.

emp.h

//按题给
#ifndef EMP_H
#define EMP_H
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class abstr_emp
{
    string fname;
    string lname;
    string job;
public:
    abstr_emp();
    abstr_emp(const string &fn, const string &ln, const string &j);
    virtual void ShowAll() const ;
    virtual void SetAll();
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const abstr_emp &e);
    virtual ~abstr_emp() = 0;
};

class employee : public abstr_emp
{
public:
    employee();
    employee(const string &fn, const string &ln, const string &j);
    virtual void ShowAll() const ;
    virtual void SetAll();
};

class manager : virtual public abstr_emp
{
    int inchargeof;
protected:
    int InChargeOf() const { return inchargeof;}
    int & InChargeOf() { return inchargeof;}

public:
    manager();
    manager(const string &fn, const string &ln,
            const string &j, int ico = 0);
    manager(const abstr_emp &e, int ico);
    manager(const manager &m);
    virtual void ShowAll() const ;
    virtual void SetAll();
};

class fink : virtual public abstr_emp
{
    string reportsto;
protected:
    const string ReportsTo() const { return reportsto;}
    string & ReportsTo() { return reportsto;}

public:
    fink();
    fink(const string &fn, const string &ln,
            const string &j, const string &rpo);
    fink(const abstr_emp &e, const string &rpo);
    fink(const fink &e);
    virtual void ShowAll() const ;
    virtual void SetAll();
};

class highfink : public manager, public fink
{
public:
    highfink();
    highfink(const string &fn, const string &ln,
         const string &j, const string &rpo, int ico);
    highfink(const abstr_emp &e, const string &rpo, int ico);
    highfink(const fink &f, int ico);
    highfink(const manager &m, const string &rpo);
    highfink(const highfink &h);
    virtual void ShowAll() const ;
    virtual void SetAll();
};

#endif

emp.cpp

using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "emp.h"

abstr_emp::abstr_emp()
{
    fname = "None";
    lname = "None";
    job = "None";
}

abstr_emp::abstr_emp(const string &fn, const string &ln, const string &j)
{
    fname = fn;
    lname = ln;
    job = j;
}

void abstr_emp::ShowAll() const
{
    cout << "Firstname: " << fname << endl;
    cout << "Lastname: " << lname << endl;
    cout << "Job: " << job << endl;
}

void abstr_emp::SetAll()
{
    cout << "Enter firstname: ";
    getline(cin, fname);
    cout << "Enter lastname: ";
    getline(cin, lname);
    cout << "Enter job: ";
    getline(cin, job);
}

ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const abstr_emp &e)
{
    os << endl;
    os << "Firstname: " << e.fname << endl;
    os << "Lastname: " << e.lname << endl;
    return os;
}

abstr_emp::~abstr_emp()
{}

employee::employee() : abstr_emp()
{}

employee::employee(const string &fn, const string &ln, const string &j)
: abstr_emp(fn, ln, j)
{}

void employee::ShowAll() const
{
    cout << "Employee: " << endl;
    abstr_emp::ShowAll();
}

void employee::SetAll()
{
    cout << "Employee: " << endl;
    abstr_emp::SetAll();
}

manager::manager()
: abstr_emp()
{
    inchargeof = 0;
}

manager::manager(const string &fn, const string &ln, const string &j, int ico)
: abstr_emp(fn, ln, j), inchargeof(ico)
{}

manager::manager(const abstr_emp &e, int ico)
: abstr_emp(e), inchargeof(ico)
{}

manager::manager(const manager &m)
: abstr_emp(m)
{
    inchargeof = m.inchargeof;
}

void manager::ShowAll() const
{
    cout << "Manager: " << endl;
    abstr_emp::ShowAll();
    cout << "In charge of " << inchargeof << " employees.n";
}

void manager::SetAll()
{
    cout << "Manager: " << endl;
    abstr_emp::SetAll();
    cout << "In charge of: ";
    cin >> inchargeof;
    cin.ignore();
}

fink::fink()
: abstr_emp()
{
    reportsto = "None";
}

fink::fink(const string &fn, const string &ln, const string &j, const string &rpo)
: abstr_emp(fn, ln, j), reportsto(rpo)
{}

fink::fink(const abstr_emp &e, const string &rpo)
: abstr_emp(e), reportsto(rpo)
{}

fink::fink(const fink &e)
: abstr_emp(e)
{
    reportsto = e.reportsto;
}

void fink::ShowAll() const
{
    cout << "Fink: " << endl;
    abstr_emp::ShowAll();
    cout << "Reports to: " << reportsto << endl;
}

void fink::SetAll()
{
    cout << "Fink: " << endl;
    abstr_emp::SetAll();
    cout << "Reports to: " ;
    getline(cin, reportsto);
}

highfink::highfink()
: abstr_emp(), manager(), fink()
{}

highfink::highfink(const string &fn, const string &ln, const string &j, const string &rpo, int ico)
: abstr_emp(fn, ln, j), manager(fn, ln, j, ico), fink(fn, ln, j, rpo)
{}

highfink::highfink(const abstr_emp &e, const string &rpo, int ico)
: abstr_emp(e), manager(e, ico), fink(e, rpo)
{}

highfink::highfink(const fink &f, int ico)
: abstr_emp(f), manager(f, ico), fink(f)
{}

highfink::highfink(const manager &m, const string &rpo)
: abstr_emp(m), manager(m), fink(m, rpo)
{}

highfink::highfink(const highfink &h)
: abstr_emp(h), manager(h), fink(h)
{}

void highfink::ShowAll() const
{
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Highfink: " << endl;
    abstr_emp::ShowAll();
    cout << "In charge of: " << manager::InChargeOf() << endl;
    cout << "Reports to: " << fink::ReportsTo() << endl;
    cout << endl;
}

void highfink::SetAll()
{
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Highfink: " << endl;
    abstr_emp::SetAll();
    cout << "In charge of: " ;
    cin >> manager::InChargeOf();
    cin.ignore();
    cout << "Reports to: " ;
    getline(cin, fink::ReportsTo());
}

play.cpp

//按题给
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "emp.h"

int main()
{
    employee em("Trip", "Harris", "Thumper");
    cout << em << endl;
    em.ShowAll();
    manager ma("Amorphia", "Spindragon", "Nuancer", 5);
    cout << ma << endl;
    ma.ShowAll();

    fink fi("Matt", "Oggs", "Oiler", "Juno Barr");
    cout << fi << endl;
    fi.ShowAll();
    highfink hf(ma, "Curly Kew");
    hf.ShowAll();
    cout << "Press a key for next phase:n";
    cin.get();
    cin.ignore();
    highfink hf2;
    hf2.ShowAll();

    cout << "Using an abstr_emp * pointer:n";
    abstr_emp * tri[4] = {&em, &fi, &hf, &hf2};
    for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
        tri[i]->ShowAll();

    return 0;
}