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1 snmp简单介绍
java利用snmp4j包来读取snmp协议数据，很简单的一个流程，就是利用java来读取运行snmp协议的数据，例如服务器、PC机或者路由器等运行了snmp协议的设备。
snmp协议是什么呢？
简单网络管理协议（SNMP），由一组网络管理的标准组成，包含一个 应用层 协议（application layer protocol）、 数据库模型 （database schema）和一组资源对象。该协议能够支持 网络管理系统 ，用以监测连接到网络上的设备是否有任何引起管理上关注的情况。该协议是互联网工程工作小组（IETF，Internet Engineering TaskForce）定义的internet协议簇的一部分。SNMP的目标是管理 互联网 Internet上众多厂家生产的软硬件平台，因此SNMP受Internet标准 网络管理 框架的影响也很大。SNMP已经出到第三个版本的协议，其功能较以前已经大大地加强和改进了。
上面是百度百科上对于snmp的一个定义，其实很简单，就是用来管理网络、查看网络信息的一种协议。
2 在本机上开启snmp协议
那么如何在本机上开启snmp协议呢？
首先，在控制面板中找到“卸载程序”；
在弹出的窗口中单击“打开或关闭Windows功能”；
勾选弹出窗口中的“简单网络管理协议（SNMP）”项后单击“确定”并根据提示完成安装即可。
完成SNMP服务的安装后，右键单击“计算机”选择“管理”
在弹出的“计算机管理”窗口中左侧导航栏中找到“服务”，并在右侧找到“SNMPService”项；
鼠标双击“SNMPService”选项，在弹出的窗口中切换到“安全”选项卡中，如下图添加“接受的社区名称”和接收那些主机发出的SNMP数据包。
“接受的社区名称”是自己定义的任意字符都可以，接收那些主机发出的SNMP数据包定义成你的Nagios服务器即可。到这里被监控端的Windows主机的SNMP服务就配置完成了。
其中要注意的地方就是，在开启后，还要到服务里面给snmp协议添加public权限。
3 snmp4j.jar包的下载
包用的是snmp4j.jar，下载地址是：http://www.snmp4j.org
4 编码测试
SnmpData：
package com.test.snmp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.snmp4j.CommunityTarget;
import org.snmp4j.PDU;
import org.snmp4j.Snmp;
import org.snmp4j.TransportMapping;
import org.snmp4j.event.ResponseEvent;
import org.snmp4j.event.ResponseListener;
import org.snmp4j.mp.SnmpConstants;
import org.snmp4j.smi.Address;
import org.snmp4j.smi.GenericAddress;
import org.snmp4j.smi.Integer32;
import org.snmp4j.smi.Null;
import org.snmp4j.smi.OID;
import org.snmp4j.smi.OctetString;
import org.snmp4j.smi.VariableBinding;
import org.snmp4j.transport.DefaultUdpTransportMapping;
public class SnmpData {
public static final int DEFAULT_VERSION = SnmpConstants.version2c;
public static final String DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = "udp";
public static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 161;
public static final long DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 3 * 1000L;
public static final int DEFAULT_RETRY = 3;
/**
* 创建对象communityTarget，用于返回target
*
* @param targetAddress
* @param community
* @param version
* @param timeOut
* @param retry
* @return CommunityTarget
*/
public static CommunityTarget createDefault(String ip, String community) {
Address address = GenericAddress.parse(DEFAULT_PROTOCOL + ":" + ip
+ "/" + DEFAULT_PORT);
CommunityTarget target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setCommunity(new OctetString(community));
target.setAddress(address);
target.setVersion(DEFAULT_VERSION);
target.setTimeout(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT); // milliseconds
target.setRetries(DEFAULT_RETRY);
return target;
}
/*根据OID，获取单条消息*/
public static void snmpGet(String ip, String community, String oid) {
CommunityTarget target = createDefault(ip, community);
Snmp snmp = null;
try {
PDU pdu = new PDU();
// pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(new int[]
// {1,3,6,1,2,1,1,2})));
pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(oid)));
DefaultUdpTransportMapping transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
System.out.println("-------> 发送PDU <-------");
pdu.setType(PDU.GET);
ResponseEvent respEvent = snmp.send(pdu, target);
System.out.println("PeerAddress:" + respEvent.getPeerAddress());
PDU response = respEvent.getResponse();
if (response == null) {
System.out.println("response is null, request time out");
} else {
// Vector<VariableBinding> vbVect =
// response.getVariableBindings();
// System.out.println("vb size:" + vbVect.size());
// if (vbVect.size() == 0) {
// System.out.println("response vb size is 0 ");
// } else {
// VariableBinding vb = vbVect.firstElement();
// System.out.println(vb.getOid() + " = " + vb.getVariable());
// }
System.out.println("response pdu size is " + response.size());
for (int i = 0; i < response.size(); i++) {
VariableBinding vb = response.get(i);
System.out.println(vb.getOid() + " = " + vb.getVariable());
}
}
System.out.println("SNMP GET one OID value finished !");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("SNMP Get Exception:" + e);
} finally {
if (snmp != null) {
try {
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException ex1) {
snmp = null;
}
}
}
}
/*根据OID列表，一次获取多条OID数据，并且以List形式返回*/
public static void snmpGetList(String ip, String community, List<String> oidList)
{
CommunityTarget target = createDefault(ip, community);
Snmp snmp = null;
try {
PDU pdu = new PDU();
for(String oid:oidList)
{
pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(oid)));
}
DefaultUdpTransportMapping transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
System.out.println("-------> 发送PDU <-------");
pdu.setType(PDU.GET);
ResponseEvent respEvent = snmp.send(pdu, target);
System.out.println("PeerAddress:" + respEvent.getPeerAddress());
PDU response = respEvent.getResponse();
if (response == null) {
System.out.println("response is null, request time out");
} else {
System.out.println("response pdu size is " + response.size());
for (int i = 0; i < response.size(); i++) {
VariableBinding vb = response.get(i);
System.out.println(vb.getOid() + " = " + vb.getVariable());
}
}
System.out.println("SNMP GET one OID value finished !");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("SNMP Get Exception:" + e);
} finally {
if (snmp != null) {
try {
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException ex1) {
snmp = null;
}
}
}
}
/*根据OID列表，采用异步方式一次获取多条OID数据，并且以List形式返回*/
public static void snmpAsynGetList(String ip, String community,List<String> oidList)
{
CommunityTarget target = createDefault(ip, community);
Snmp snmp = null;
try {
PDU pdu = new PDU();
for(String oid:oidList)
{
pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(oid)));
}
DefaultUdpTransportMapping transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
System.out.println("-------> 发送PDU <-------");
pdu.setType(PDU.GET);
ResponseEvent respEvent = snmp.send(pdu, target);
System.out.println("PeerAddress:" + respEvent.getPeerAddress());
PDU response = respEvent.getResponse();
/*异步获取*/
final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
ResponseListener listener = new ResponseListener() {
public void onResponse(ResponseEvent event) {
((Snmp) event.getSource()).cancel(event.getRequest(), this);
PDU response = event.getResponse();
PDU request = event.getRequest();
System.out.println("[request]:" + request);
if (response == null) {
System.out.println("[ERROR]: response is null");
} else if (response.getErrorStatus() != 0) {
System.out.println("[ERROR]: response status"
+ response.getErrorStatus() + " Text:"
+ response.getErrorStatusText());
} else {
System.out.println("Received response Success!");
for (int i = 0; i < response.size(); i++) {
VariableBinding vb = response.get(i);
System.out.println(vb.getOid() + " = "
+ vb.getVariable());
}
System.out.println("SNMP Asyn GetList OID finished. ");
latch.countDown();
}
}
};
pdu.setType(PDU.GET);
snmp.send(pdu, target, null, listener);
System.out.println("asyn send pdu wait for response...");
boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait);
snmp.close();
System.out.println("SNMP GET one OID value finished !");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("SNMP Get Exception:" + e);
} finally {
if (snmp != null) {
try {
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException ex1) {
snmp = null;
}
}
}
}
/*根据targetOID，获取树形数据*/
public static void snmpWalk(String ip, String community, String targetOid)
{
CommunityTarget target = createDefault(ip, community);
TransportMapping transport = null;
Snmp snmp = null;
try {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
transport.listen();
PDU pdu = new PDU();
OID targetOID = new OID(targetOid);
pdu.add(new VariableBinding(targetOID));
boolean finished = false;
System.out.println("----> demo start <----");
while (!finished) {
VariableBinding vb = null;
ResponseEvent respEvent = snmp.getNext(pdu, target);
PDU response = respEvent.getResponse();
if (null == response) {
System.out.println("responsePDU == null");
finished = true;
break;
} else {
vb = response.get(0);
}
// check finish
finished = checkWalkFinished(targetOID, pdu, vb);
if (!finished) {
System.out.println("==== walk each vlaue :");
System.out.println(vb.getOid() + " = " + vb.getVariable());
// Set up the variable binding for the next entry.
pdu.setRequestID(new Integer32(0));
pdu.set(0, vb);
} else {
System.out.println("SNMP walk OID has finished.");
snmp.close();
}
}
System.out.println("----> demo end <----");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("SNMP walk Exception: " + e);
} finally {
if (snmp != null) {
try {
snmp.close();
} catch (IOException ex1) {
snmp = null;
}
}
}
}
private static boolean checkWalkFinished(OID targetOID, PDU pdu,
VariableBinding vb) {
boolean finished = false;
if (pdu.getErrorStatus() != 0) {
System.out.println("[true] responsePDU.getErrorStatus() != 0 ");
System.out.println(pdu.getErrorStatusText());
finished = true;
} else if (vb.getOid() == null) {
System.out.println("[true] vb.getOid() == null");
finished = true;
} else if (vb.getOid().size() < targetOID.size()) {
System.out.println("[true] vb.getOid().size() < targetOID.size()");
finished = true;
} else if (targetOID.leftMostCompare(targetOID.size(), vb.getOid()) != 0) {
System.out.println("[true] targetOID.leftMostCompare() != 0");
finished = true;
} else if (Null.isExceptionSyntax(vb.getVariable().getSyntax())) {
System.out
.println("[true] Null.isExceptionSyntax(vb.getVariable().getSyntax())");
finished = true;
} else if (vb.getOid().compareTo(targetOID) <= 0) {
System.out.println("[true] Variable received is not "
+ "lexicographic successor of requested " + "one:");
System.out.println(vb.toString() + " <= " + targetOID);
finished = true;
}
return finished;
}
/*根据targetOID，异步获取树形数据*/
public static void snmpAsynWalk(String ip, String community, String oid)
{
final CommunityTarget target = createDefault(ip, community);
Snmp snmp = null;
try {
System.out.println("----> demo start <----");
DefaultUdpTransportMapping transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
final PDU pdu = new PDU();
final OID targetOID = new OID(oid);
final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
pdu.add(new VariableBinding(targetOID));
ResponseListener listener = new ResponseListener() {
public void onResponse(ResponseEvent event) {
((Snmp) event.getSource()).cancel(event.getRequest(), this);
try {
PDU response = event.getResponse();
// PDU request = event.getRequest();
// System.out.println("[request]:" + request);
if (response == null) {
System.out.println("[ERROR]: response is null");
} else if (response.getErrorStatus() != 0) {
System.out.println("[ERROR]: response status"
+ response.getErrorStatus() + " Text:"
+ response.getErrorStatusText());
} else {
System.out
.println("Received Walk response value :");
VariableBinding vb = response.get(0);
boolean finished = checkWalkFinished(targetOID,
pdu, vb);
if (!finished) {
System.out.println(vb.getOid() + " = "
+ vb.getVariable());
pdu.setRequestID(new Integer32(0));
pdu.set(0, vb);
((Snmp) event.getSource()).getNext(pdu, target,
null, this);
} else {
System.out
.println("SNMP Asyn walk OID value success !");
latch.countDown();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
latch.countDown();
}
}
};
snmp.getNext(pdu, target, null, listener);
System.out.println("pdu 已发送,等到异步处理结果...");
boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait);
snmp.close();
System.out.println("----> demo end <----");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("SNMP Asyn Walk Exception:" + e);
}
}
/*根据OID和指定string来设置设备的数据*/
public static void setPDU(String ip,String community,String oid,String val) throws IOException
{
CommunityTarget target = createDefault(ip, community);
Snmp snmp = null;
PDU pdu = new PDU();
pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(oid),new OctetString(val)));
pdu.setType(PDU.SET);
DefaultUdpTransportMapping transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
snmp.listen();
System.out.println("-------> 发送PDU <-------");
snmp.send(pdu, target);
snmp.close();
}
}SnmpTest：
package com.test.snmp;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.snmp4j.log.ConsoleLogFactory;
import org.snmp4j.log.LogAdapter;
import org.snmp4j.log.LogFactory;
import com.test.snmp.SnmpData;
public class SnmpTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
SnmpTest test = new SnmpTest();
test.testGet();
}
public void testGet()
{
String ip = "127.0.0.1";
String community = "public";
String oidval = "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0";
SnmpData.snmpGet(ip, community, oidval);
}
public void testGetList(){
String ip = "127.0.0.1";
String community = "public";
List<String> oidList=new ArrayList<String>();
oidList.add("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0");
oidList.add("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.7.0");
SnmpData.snmpGetList(ip, community, oidList);
}
public void testGetAsyList()
{
String ip = "127.0.0.1";
String community = "public";
List<String> oidList=new ArrayList<String>();
oidList.add("1.3.6.1.2.1");
oidList.add("1.3.6.1.2.12");
SnmpData.snmpAsynGetList(ip, community, oidList);
System.out.println("i am first!");
}
public void testWalk()
{
String ip = "127.0.0.1";
String community = "public";
String targetOid = "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0";
SnmpData.snmpWalk(ip, community, targetOid);
}
public void testAsyWalk()
{
String ip = "127.0.0.1";
String community = "public";
// 异步采集数据
SnmpData.snmpAsynWalk(ip, community, "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2");
}
public void testSetPDU() throws Exception
{
String ip = "127.0.0.1";
String community = "public";
SnmpData.setPDU(ip, community, "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0","jianghuiwen");
}
public void testVersion()
{
System.out.println(org.snmp4j.version.VersionInfo.getVersion());
}
}文档和源码csdn下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/davebobo/9509435
ref: http://www.tuicool.com/articles/FF7fEbi
ref: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21857285-id-3340206.html
-------------------------更新--------------------------------------
Trap功能的实现：
下面是两个用于发送和接收Trap报文信息的类:
接收Trap消息类：
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Vector;
import org.snmp4j.CommandResponder;
import org.snmp4j.CommandResponderEvent;
import org.snmp4j.MessageDispatcherImpl;
import org.snmp4j.Snmp;
import org.snmp4j.TransportMapping;
import org.snmp4j.mp.MPv1;
import org.snmp4j.mp.MPv2c;
import org.snmp4j.mp.MPv3;
import org.snmp4j.security.SecurityModels;
import org.snmp4j.security.SecurityProtocols;
import org.snmp4j.security.USM;
import org.snmp4j.smi.Address;
import org.snmp4j.smi.GenericAddress;
import org.snmp4j.smi.OctetString;
import org.snmp4j.smi.TcpAddress;
import org.snmp4j.smi.UdpAddress;
import org.snmp4j.smi.VariableBinding;
import org.snmp4j.transport.DefaultTcpTransportMapping;
import org.snmp4j.transport.DefaultUdpTransportMapping;
import org.snmp4j.util.MultiThreadedMessageDispatcher;
import org.snmp4j.util.ThreadPool;
/**
* 本类用于监听代理进程的Trap信息
*
* @author zhanjia
*
*/
public class MultiThreadedTrapReceiver implements CommandResponder {
private MultiThreadedMessageDispatcher dispatcher;
private Snmp snmp = null;
private Address listenAddress;
private ThreadPool threadPool;
public MultiThreadedTrapReceiver() {
// BasicConfigurator.configure();
}
private void init() throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
threadPool = ThreadPool.create("Trap", 2);
dispatcher = new MultiThreadedMessageDispatcher(threadPool,
new MessageDispatcherImpl());
listenAddress = GenericAddress.parse(System.getProperty(
"snmp4j.listenAddress", "udp:192.168.1.23/162")); // 本地IP与监听端口
TransportMapping transport;
// 对TCP与UDP协议进行处理
if (listenAddress instanceof UdpAddress) {
transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping(
(UdpAddress) listenAddress);
} else {
transport = new DefaultTcpTransportMapping(
(TcpAddress) listenAddress);
}
snmp = new Snmp(dispatcher, transport);
snmp.getMessageDispatcher().addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv1());
snmp.getMessageDispatcher().addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv2c());
snmp.getMessageDispatcher().addMessageProcessingModel(new MPv3());
USM usm = new USM(SecurityProtocols.getInstance(), new OctetString(MPv3
.createLocalEngineID()), 0);
SecurityModels.getInstance().addSecurityModel(usm);
snmp.listen();
}
public void run() {
try {
init();
snmp.addCommandResponder(this);
System.out.println("开始监听Trap信息!");
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 实现CommandResponder的processPdu方法, 用于处理传入的请求、PDU等信息
* 当接收到trap时，会自动进入这个方法
*
* @param respEvnt
*/
public void processPdu(CommandResponderEvent respEvnt) {
// 解析Response
if (respEvnt != null && respEvnt.getPDU() != null) {
Vector<VariableBinding> recVBs = respEvnt.getPDU().getVariableBindings();
for (int i = 0; i < recVBs.size(); i++) {
VariableBinding recVB = recVBs.elementAt(i);
System.out.println(recVB.getOid() + " : " + recVB.getVariable());
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MultiThreadedTrapReceiver multithreadedtrapreceiver = new MultiThreadedTrapReceiver();
multithreadedtrapreceiver.run();
}
}import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Vector;
import org.snmp4j.CommunityTarget;
import org.snmp4j.PDU;
import org.snmp4j.Snmp;
import org.snmp4j.TransportMapping;
import org.snmp4j.event.ResponseEvent;
import org.snmp4j.mp.SnmpConstants;
import org.snmp4j.smi.Address;
import org.snmp4j.smi.GenericAddress;
import org.snmp4j.smi.OID;
import org.snmp4j.smi.OctetString;
import org.snmp4j.smi.VariableBinding;
import org.snmp4j.transport.DefaultUdpTransportMapping;
/**
* 本类用于向管理进程发送Trap信息
*
* @author zhanjia
*
*/
public class SnmpUtilSendTrap {
private Snmp snmp = null;
private Address targetAddress = null;
public void initComm() throws IOException {
// 设置管理进程的IP和端口
targetAddress = GenericAddress.parse("udp:192.168.1.23/162");
TransportMapping transport = new DefaultUdpTransportMapping();
snmp = new Snmp(transport);
transport.listen();
}
/**
* 向管理进程发送Trap报文
*
* @throws IOException
*/
public void sendPDU() throws IOException {
// 设置 target
CommunityTarget target = new CommunityTarget();
target.setAddress(targetAddress);
// 通信不成功时的重试次数
target.setRetries(2);
// 超时时间
target.setTimeout(1500);
// snmp版本
target.setVersion(SnmpConstants.version2c);
// 创建 PDU
PDU pdu = new PDU();
pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(".1.3.6.1.2.3377.10.1.1.1.1"),
new OctetString("SnmpTrap")));
pdu.add(new VariableBinding(new OID(".1.3.6.1.2.3377.10.1.1.1.2"),
new OctetString("JavaEE")));
pdu.setType(PDU.TRAP);
// 向Agent发送PDU，并接收Response
ResponseEvent respEvnt = snmp.send(pdu, target);
// 解析Response
if (respEvnt != null && respEvnt.getResponse() != null) {
Vector<VariableBinding> recVBs = respEvnt.getResponse()
.getVariableBindings();
for (int i = 0; i < recVBs.size(); i++) {
VariableBinding recVB = recVBs.elementAt(i);
System.out.println(recVB.getOid() + " : " + recVB.getVariable());
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
SnmpUtilSendTrap util = new SnmpUtilSendTrap();
util.initComm();
util.sendPDU();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}1、运行MultiThreadedTrapReceiver类，提示“开始监听Trap信息!”并处理监听状态
2、运行SnmpUtilSendTrap类，运行完毕后，将会在“开始监听Trap信息!”后面显示：
1.3.6.1.2.3377.10.1.1.1.1 : SnmpTrap
1.3.6.1.2.3377.10.1.1.1.2 : JavaEE
MultiThreadedTrapReceiver输出面板中显示以上两行即表示测试成功！
说明：
本例只在本人电脑上测试过，操作系统为Windows
ref:http://www.iteye.com/topic/308836接下来问题又来了，我们发的trap消息如果manager掉线我们应该考虑将trap消息保存下来，此时snmp inform就用上场了。详解请看下文：http://blog.csdn.net/davebobo/article/details/51730688
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