编译完成

编译完成后执行 make install 进行安装

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# make install

将mysql添加到环境变量，修改/etc/profile文件，在文件最末尾添加export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# vim /etc/profile
...
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
# mysql执行路径
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH

更新配置文件

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# source /etc/profile

初始化数据库， –initialize 表示默认生成一个安全的密码，–initialize-insecure 表示不生成密码

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

将mysql服务文件拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录，并给出执行权限

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld

将MySQL并加入开机自动启动

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

修改/etc/my.cnf文件，编辑配置文件如下，仅供参考

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# vim /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/pids/mysqld.pid

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

启动MySQL

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.2017-09-23T16:13:16.049373Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql[FAILED]2864f6btwZ.pid).

问题错误：
由于缺少 mysqld.log 和 mysqld.pid 文件导致无法正常启动

解决方案：
创建 mysqld.log 和 mysqld.pid 文件

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# touch /usr/local/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# touch /usr/local/mysql/pids/mysqld.pid

修改 /usr/local/mysql 的权限
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/

再次启动MySQL
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# service mysqld start

查看MySQL运行状态

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# service mysqld status
MySQL is not running, but lock file (/var/lock/subsys/mysql[FAILED]

问题错误：
MySQL is not running, but lock file (/var/lock/subsys/mysql[FAILED]

解决方案：
删除/var/lock/subsys/mysql文件，重新启动MySQL

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

连接MySQL

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]# mysql -u root
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
[root@iZ2864f6btwZ mysql-5.7.19]#

问题错误：
/etc/my.cnf 文件配置不正确
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

解决方案：
参考上述步骤 修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ local]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.19 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

查看数据库，如果看到以下几个数据库说明数据库初始化成功

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

进入mysql库，查看用户表信息

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql>
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
mysql>

问题错误：
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'

解决方案：
由于MySQL 5.7版本下的mysql数据库下已经没有password这个字段了，password字段改成了authentication_string，查询时使用authentication_string字段即可

mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user          | authentication_string                     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root          |                                           |
| localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | mysql.sys     | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

设置密码（推荐），注意此方法必须使用flush privileges命令刷新一下权限才能生效

mysql> UPDATE user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('newpassword') WHERE user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql>
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

另外一种方法可以快速密码，但此方法设置的密码使用history命令可以看到，所以不太推荐

[root@iZ2864f6btwZ ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'newpassword'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

结尾：
至此，MySQL 5.7.19 编译安装及配置已经全部完成，有疑问的朋友可以给我留言，若有毛病，欢迎指正。