Ubuntu / Linux 挂载已格式化磁盘 (重启系统后自动挂载)

1. 已挂载磁盘信息，显示 Linux 系统上的文件系统的磁盘使用情况统计

amax@amax-server:~$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev             63G     0   63G   0% /dev
tmpfs            13G   11M   13G   1% /run
/dev/sda6       211G  7.5G  193G   4% /
tmpfs            63G  968K   63G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs            63G     0   63G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       922M  121M  738M  15% /boot
/dev/sdb1       1.8T  2.5G  1.7T   1% /home
tmpfs            13G   12K   13G   1% /run/user/108
tmpfs            13G   56K   13G   1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs            13G   60K   13G   1% /run/user/1002
tmpfs            13G   48K   13G   1% /run/user/1003
tmpfs            13G   52K   13G   1% /run/user/1004

2. 列出所有分区，查看磁盘信息

amax@amax-server:~$ fdisk -l
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sda: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdb: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdc: Permission denied
amax@amax-server:~$ su
Password: 
root@amax-server:/home/amax# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 238.5 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a2814

Device     Boot    Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048   1953791   1951744   953M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2        1955838 500117503 498161666 237.6G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5        1955840  50782207  48826368  23.3G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6       50784256 500117503 449333248 214.3G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000afd54

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 3907028991 3907026944  1.8T 83 Linux


Disk /dev/sdc: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfb792037

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1        2048 4294967294 4294965247   2T  5 Extended
root@amax-server:/home/amax# exit
exit
amax@amax-server:~$

3. Disks

4. 挂载磁盘，重启后挂载磁盘失效

amax@amax-server:~$ mount /dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP
mount: only root can do that
amax@amax-server:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP
[sudo] password for amax: 
amax@amax-server:~$ df -hss
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev             63G     0   63G   0% /dev
tmpfs            13G   11M   13G   1% /run
/dev/sda6       211G  7.5G  193G   4% /
tmpfs            63G  968K   63G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs            63G     0   63G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       922M  121M  738M  15% /boot
/dev/sdb1       1.8T  2.5G  1.7T   1% /home
tmpfs            13G   12K   13G   1% /run/user/108
tmpfs            13G   60K   13G   1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs            13G   60K   13G   1% /run/user/1002
tmpfs            13G   48K   13G   1% /run/user/1003
tmpfs            13G   52K   13G   1% /run/user/1004
/dev/sdc        3.6T  1.9T  1.6T  55% /home/DATA_BACKUP

5. 重启系统后自动挂载
/etc/fstab 文件中添加以下语句。

# foreverstrong
/dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP                                ext4    defaults        0       0

amax@amax-server:~$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab 

(gedit:21437): Gtk-WARNING **: Calling Inhibit failed: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported

** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-position not supported
amax@amax-server:~$ cat /etc/fstab 
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sdb6 during installation
UUID=788c572e-e33d-4d20-8b89-ac799552819b /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/sdb1 during installation
UUID=587dccff-fdee-49d4-9327-f2ee4d06862b /boot           ext4    defaults        0       2
# /home was on /dev/sdc1 during installation
UUID=db68cda9-4654-4e81-babc-46be533fbc93 /home           ext4    defaults        0       2
# swap was on /dev/sdb5 during installation
UUID=b0347144-6154-4d8c-affe-3b4e19669cb5 none            swap    sw              0       0

# foreverstrong
/dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP                                ext4    defaults        0       0
amax@amax-server:~$

yongqiang@famu-sys:~$ cat /etc/fstab 
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=53a5a063-1ea4-434d-ad98-6cdaefff158a /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=ed619771-4748-4f5a-86a5-355c8c22a290 none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/6d76a02c-8296-4aac-8b0b-5ac1d667a6a9 /mnt/6d76a02c-8296-4aac-8b0b-5ac1d667a6a9 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/79dd189b-b1b6-48c4-9c90-560934f420f5 /mnt/79dd189b-b1b6-48c4-9c90-560934f420f5 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0

# foreverstrong

/dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP ext4 defaults 0 0
<file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>

<file system>：分区定位。可以给 UUID 或 LABEL，例如 UUID=6E9ADAC29ADA85CD 或 LABEL=DISK_SOFTWARE。
<mount point>：具体挂载点的位置。例如 /DISK_DATA。
<type>：挂载磁盘类型。Linux 分区一般为 ext4，windows 分区一般为 ntfs。
<options>：挂载参数，一般为 defaults。
<dump>：磁盘检查，默认为 0。
<pass>：磁盘检查，默认为 0，不需要检查。

dump 决定哪一个文件系统需要执行 dump 操作，0 就是不需要备份。如果上次用 dump 备份，将显示备份至今的天数。
pass 是系统重启时 fsck 程序检测磁盘的顺序号。1 是 root 文件系统，2 是其它文件系统。fsck 按序号检测磁盘，0 表示该文件系统不被检测。
dump 执行 ext2 的文件系统的备份操作，fsck 检测和修复文件系统。
启动时 fsck 检查的顺序。为 0 就表示不检查，/ 分区永远都是 1，其它的分区只能是 2，当数字相同就同时检查 (但不能有多个 1)。

使用 UUID 或是 label 的好处在于它们与磁盘顺序无关。如果你在 BIOS 中改变了存储设备顺序，或是重新拔插了存储设备，或是因为一些 BIOS 可能会随机地改变存储设备的顺序，那么用 UUID 或是 label 来表示将更有效。

使用 mount 命令，待系统重启后挂载失效，将分区信息写入 /etc/fstab 文件启动自动挂载。

修改完 /etc/fstab 文件后，需要运行