1. 简介

本文介绍Java 8 Predicate链.

2. 基本用法

怎么使用简单的Predicate来过滤list中的name

@Test
public void whenFilterList_thenSuccess(){
   List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Adam", "Alexander", "John", "Tom");
   List<String> result = names.stream()
     .filter(name -> name.startsWith("A"))
     .collect(Collectors.toList());
    
   assertEquals(2, result.size());
   assertThat(result, contains("Adam","Alexander"));
}

我们使用Predicate来筛选以大写字母A开头的姓名。

name -> name.startsWith("A")

那么如果多个条件这么办？

3. 多条件过滤

@Test
public void whenFilterListWithMultipleFilters_thenSuccess(){
    List<String> result = names.stream()
      .filter(name -> name.startsWith("A"))
      .filter(name -> name.length() < 5)
      .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
    assertEquals(1, result.size());
    assertThat(result, contains("Adam"));
}

用两个filter传入两个Predicate分别过滤以A开头的和姓名长度小于5的。

4. 复杂条件

@Test
public void whenFilterListWithComplexPredicate_thenSuccess(){
    List<String> result = names.stream()
      .filter(name -> name.startsWith("A") && name.length() < 5)
      .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
    assertEquals(1, result.size());
    assertThat(result, contains("Adam"));
}

使用一个filter传入复杂的Predicate.

5. 组合使用Predicate

Predicates可以将 Predicate.and(), Predicate.or()和 Predicate.negate()组合起来使用。

5.1. Predicate.and()

@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCombinedPredicatesUsingAnd_thenSuccess(){
    Predicate<String> predicate1 =  str -> str.startsWith("A");
    Predicate<String> predicate2 =  str -> str.length() < 5;
   
    List<String> result = names.stream()
      .filter(predicate1.and(predicate2))
      .collect(Collectors.toList());
         
    assertEquals(1, result.size());
    assertThat(result, contains("Adam"));
}

两个条件都要满足

5.2. Predicate.or()

满足其中一个即可

@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCombinedPredicatesUsingOr_thenSuccess(){
    Predicate<String> predicate1 =  str -> str.startsWith("J");
    Predicate<String> predicate2 =  str -> str.length() < 4;
     
    List<String> result = names.stream()
      .filter(predicate1.or(predicate2))
      .collect(Collectors.toList());
     
    assertEquals(2, result.size());
    assertThat(result, contains("John","Tom"));
}

5.3. Predicate.negate()

将此条件取反

Predicate<String> predicate2 =  str -> str.length() < 4;

相当于

Predicate<String> predicate2 =  str -> str.length() >= 4;

@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCombinedPredicatesUsingOrAndNegate_thenSuccess(){
    Predicate<String> predicate1 =  str -> str.startsWith("J");
    Predicate<String> predicate2 =  str -> str.length() < 4;
     
    List<String> result = names.stream()
      .filter(predicate1.or(predicate2.negate()))
      .collect(Collectors.toList());
     
    assertEquals(3, result.size());
    assertThat(result, contains("Adam","Alexander","John"));
}

5.4. 内联的方式组合使用Predicates

@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCombinedPredicatesInline_thenSuccess(){
    List<String> result = names.stream()
      .filter(((Predicate<String>)name -> name.startsWith("A"))
      .and(name -> name.length()<5))
      .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
    assertEquals(1, result.size());
    assertThat(result, contains("Adam"));
}

6. 组合Predicates集合

@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCollectionOfPredicatesUsingAnd_thenSuccess(){
    List<Predicate<String>> allPredicates = new ArrayList<Predicate<String>>();
    allPredicates.add(str -> str.startsWith("A"));
    allPredicates.add(str -> str.contains("d"));        
    allPredicates.add(str -> str.length() > 4);
     
    List<String> result = names.stream()
      .filter(allPredicates.stream().reduce(x->true, Predicate::and))
      .collect(Collectors.toList());
     
    assertEquals(1, result.size());
    assertThat(result, contains("Alexander"));
}

注意这里初始条件是true

如果是false则不同：

@Test
public void whenFilterListWithCollectionOfPredicatesUsingOr_thenSuccess(){
    List<String> result = names.stream()
      .filter(allPredicates.stream().reduce(x->false, Predicate::or))
      .collect(Collectors.toList());
     
    assertEquals(2, result.size());
    assertThat(result, contains("Adam","Alexander"));
}

7. 结论

本文介绍Java 8 Predicate。介绍了 Predicate在Stream的filter函数中的运用。讲述了复杂的Predicate或者Predicate的组合的用法。

英文原文：https://www.baeldung.com/java-predicate-chain

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