python matplotlib库基本图形展示

关于scatter 的参数（Parameters）

• x, y : array_like, shape (n, )The data positions.

• s : scalar or array_like, shape (n, ), optionalThe marker size in points**2.Default is rcParams['lines.markersize'] ** 2.

• c : color, sequence, or sequence of color, optional, default: 'b'The marker color. Possible values:

  • A single color format string.

  • A sequence of color specifications of length n.

  • A sequence of n numbers to be mapped to colors using cmap andnorm.

  • A 2-D array in which the rows are RGB or RGBA.

  Note that c should not be a single numeric RGB or RGBA sequencebecause that is indistinguishable from an array of values to becolormapped. If you want to specify the same RGB or RGBA value forall points, use a 2-D array with a single row.

• marker : ~matplotlib.markers.MarkerStyle, optional, default: 'o'The marker style. marker can be either an instance of the classor the text shorthand for a particular marker.See ~matplotlib.markers for more information marker styles.

• cmap : ~matplotlib.colors.Colormap, optional, default: NoneA .Colormap instance or registered colormap name. cmap is onlyused if c is an array of floats. If None, defaults to rcimage.cmap.

• norm : ~matplotlib.colors.Normalize, optional, default: NoneA .Normalize instance is used to scale luminance data to 0, 1.norm is only used if c is an array of floats. If None, usethe default .colors.Normalize.

• vmin, vmax : scalar, optional, default: Nonevmin and vmax are used in conjunction with norm to normalizeluminance data. If None, the respective min and max of the colorarray is used. vmin and vmax are ignored if you pass a norminstance.

• alpha : scalar, optional, default: NoneThe alpha blending value, between 0 (transparent) and 1 (opaque).

• linewidths : scalar or array_like, optional, default: NoneThe linewidth of the marker edges. Note: The default edgecolorsis 'face'. You may want to change this as well.If None, defaults to rcParams lines.linewidth.

• verts : sequence of (x, y), optionalIf marker is None, these vertices will be used to constructthe marker. The center of the marker is located at (0, 0) innormalized units. The overall marker is rescaled by s.

• edgecolors : color or sequence of color, optional, default: 'face'The edge color of the marker. Possible values:

  • 'face': The edge color will always be the same as the face color.

  • 'none': No patch boundary will be drawn.

  • A matplotib color.

  For non-filled markers, the edgecolors kwarg is ignored andforced to 'face' internally.

import matplotlib.dates as mdates

# 读取数据，data:日期，open:开盘价格，收盘价格，
# 其中日期需要格式化为 float 类型
data,open,close = np.loadtxt('../dataset/money.csv',
                             delimiter=',',
                             converters={0:mdates.strpdate2num('%Y/%m/%d')},
                             encoding='utf-8',
                             usecols=(0,1,3),unpack=True)

# plot_date(data,open) 默认为散点图，
# 可自动识别float 类型的 data数据，并把它转换为日期
plt.plot_date(data[::8],open[::8],'-',color='r',marker = 'o',markersize = '0.5')

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

N = 5
y = [20,10,30,25,13]
index = np.arange(N)

plt.bar(left= index,height = y,color = 'red',width = 0.5,)

# The silces will be ordered and plotted counter-clockwise.
labels = 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs' # 定义标签
# 每一块的比例
sizes = [15,30,45,10] 
# 指定颜色
colors = ['yellowgreen', 'gold', 'lightskyblue', 'lightcoral'] 
# 突出显示，这里仅显示第二块
explode = (0, 0.1, 0, 0) 
​
plt.pie(sizes, explode = explode, labels = labels, colors = colors, autopct = '%1.1f%%', shadow = True, startangle = 90)
plt.axis('equal') # 显示为园（避免比列压缩为椭圆）
plt.show()