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如图：

小程序代码：

第一步，登录，获取用户的 session_key；

第二步，点击按钮调用 bindgetphonenumber 事件，通过该事件得到 encryptedData 和 iv 

第三步，把session_key，encryptedData 和 iv 传递给后端解密得到用户的手机号信息

文章结尾有我的小程序util.js文件。

登录代码：（我是在app.js 里面统一封装的登录模块，如果有自己的登录模块，可以无视这段代码，把session_key放到第二段代码就可以）

//app.js
const util = require('./utils/util.js');
App({
  onLaunch: function() {
    var that = this;
    // wx.login
    that.login = (resolve) => {
      wx.login({
        success: (res) => {
          if (res.code) {
            that.loginRequest(res.code, resolve);
          }
        },
      })
    }
    // session定时器
    that.sessionIsExpire = (resolve) => {
      const session = wx.getStorageSync('session_key');
      const deadLine = wx.getStorageSync('deadline');
      const nowDate = new Date().getTime();
      if (session && deadLine) {
        if (nowDate - deadLine >= 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24) {
          that.login(resolve)
        } else {
          wx.checkSession({
            success() {
              // session_key 未过期，并且在本生命周期一直有效
              resolve(session)
            },
            fail() {
              // session_key 已经失效，需要重新执行登录流程
              that.login(resolve)
            }
          })
        }
      } else {
        that.login(resolve)
      }
    }

    // 获取session
    that.pro_getSession = new Promise((resolve) => {
      that.sessionIsExpire(resolve)
    })
    // 请求login.do接口得到session
    that.loginRequest = (code, resolve) => {
      var url = '/login.php';
      var data = {
        code
      }
      util.request(url, 'post', data, '', (res) => {
        console.log('登录了')
        if (res.data.success == true) {
          const session = res.session_key;
          resolve(session)
          wx.setStorageSync('openid', res.openid);
          wx.setStorageSync('session_key', session);
          wx.setStorageSync('deadline', new Date().getTime())
        } else {
          resolve(1)
        }
      }, (fail) => {
        resolve(1)
      })
    }
  },


  globalData: {
    userInfo: null
  }
})

小程序代码片段2： 获取手机号页面的代码

      <button class="motto-font" open-type="getPhoneNumber" bindgetphonenumber="getPhoneNumber">
        获取手机号
      </button>

  // 获取手机号码
  getPhoneNumber: function (e) {
    console.log(e)

    if (e.detail.errMsg == 'getPhoneNumber:fail') {
      console.log(ErrMsg);
      that.showToast_fail('未获取到手机号码');
      return false;
    } else if (e.detail.iv == undefined || !e.detail.iv) {
      that.showToast_fail('授权失败');
      return false;
    } else {
      // 解密手机号接口
      var url = "/getTelNumber.php";
      var params = {
        session_key: wx.getStorageSync('session_key'),
        encryptedData: e.detail.encryptedData,
        iv: e.detail.iv
      };
      util.request(url, 'post', params, '', (res) => {
        that.setData({
          phone: res.data.phoneNumber,
        })
        wx.reLaunch({
          url: '../index/index',
        })
      }, function () {
        that.showToast_fail('获取手机号失败');
      })
    }
  },

后端实现代码：

登录接口如图

login.php代码 (这个接口返回的是一个JSON对象)

<?php
    header("Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf8"); 
	header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *"); //解决跨域
	header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:POST');// 响应类型  
	header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:*'); // 响应头设置 
	error_reporting(E_ALL);
    $code = $_POST['code'];
	$url='https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session?appid=wx4d7fcc145ca8013b&secret=c58ac54c1bf4c2de7c07221e547a4218&js_code='.$code.'&grant_type=authorization_code';
	$html = file_get_contents($url);
	print($html);
?>

getTelNumber.php代码如图

代码：

<?php
    header("Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf8"); 
	header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *"); //解决跨域
	header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:POST');// 响应类型  
	header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:*'); // 响应头设置 

    $appid = 'wx4d7fcc145ca8013b';
    $sessionKey = $_POST['session_key'];
    $encryptedData = $_POST['encryptedData'];
    $iv = $_POST['iv'];
	include_once "wxBizDataCrypt.php";
	$data = '';
	$pc = new WXBizDataCrypt($appid, $sessionKey);
	$errCode = $pc->decryptData($encryptedData, $iv, $data );

	if ($errCode == 0) {
		print($data . "n");
	} else {
		print($errCode . "n");
	}
?>

这里有引用到两个文件，放到相同的目录下就行

wxBizDataCrypt.php

<?php

/**
 * 对微信小程序用户加密数据的解密示例代码.
 *
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.
 */


include_once "errorCode.php";


class WXBizDataCrypt
{
    private $appid;
	private $sessionKey;

	/**
	 * 构造函数
	 * @param $sessionKey string 用户在小程序登录后获取的会话密钥
	 * @param $appid string 小程序的appid
	 */
	public function __construct( $appid, $sessionKey)
	{
		$this->sessionKey = $sessionKey;
		$this->appid = $appid;
	}


	/**
	 * 检验数据的真实性，并且获取解密后的明文.
	 * @param $encryptedData string 加密的用户数据
	 * @param $iv string 与用户数据一同返回的初始向量
	 * @param $data string 解密后的原文
     *
	 * @return int 成功0，失败返回对应的错误码
	 */
	public function decryptData( $encryptedData, $iv, &$data )
	{
		if (strlen($this->sessionKey) != 24) {
			return ErrorCode::$IllegalAesKey;
		}
		$aesKey=base64_decode($this->sessionKey);

        
		if (strlen($iv) != 24) {
			return ErrorCode::$IllegalIv;
		}
		$aesIV=base64_decode($iv);

		$aesCipher=base64_decode($encryptedData);

		$result=openssl_decrypt( $aesCipher, "AES-128-CBC", $aesKey, 1, $aesIV);

		$dataObj=json_decode( $result );
		if( $dataObj  == NULL )
		{
			return ErrorCode::$IllegalBuffer;
		}
		if( $dataObj->watermark->appid != $this->appid )
		{
			return ErrorCode::$IllegalBuffer;
		}
		$data = $result;
		return ErrorCode::$OK;
	}

}

errorCode.php

<?php

/**
 * error code 说明.
 * <ul>

 *    <li>-41001: encodingAesKey 非法</li>
 *    <li>-41003: aes 解密失败</li>
 *    <li>-41004: 解密后得到的buffer非法</li>
 *    <li>-41005: base64加密失败</li>
 *    <li>-41016: base64解密失败</li>
 * </ul>
 */
class ErrorCode
{
	public static $OK = 0;
	public static $IllegalAesKey = -41001;
	public static $IllegalIv = -41002;
	public static $IllegalBuffer = -41003;
	public static $DecodeBase64Error = -41004;
}

?>

小程序util.js文件

const formatTime = date => {
  const year = date.getFullYear()
  const month = date.getMonth() + 1
  const day = date.getDate()
  const hour = date.getHours()
  const minute = date.getMinutes()
  const second = date.getSeconds()

  return [year, month, day].map(formatNumber).join('/') + ' ' + [hour, minute, second].map(formatNumber).join(':')
}
// 网络请求
const request = function(url, method, data, msg, succ, fail, com) {
  // 小程序顶部显示Loading
  wx.showNavigationBarLoading();
  if (msg != "") {
    wx.showLoading({
      title: msg
    })
  }
  wx.request({
    url: 'http://localhost/shige/minP'+url,
    data: data,
    header: {
      'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
    },
    method: method,
    success: res => {
      if (succ) succ(res);
    },
    fail: err => {
      wx.showToast({
        title: '网络错误，请稍后再试···',
        icon:'none'
      })
      if (fail) fail(err);
    },
    complete: com => {
      wx.hideNavigationBarLoading();
      if (msg != "") {
        wx.hideLoading();
      }
      console.log(url + ' 返回的data:', com.data);
    }
  })
}
const formatNumber = n => {
  n = n.toString()
  return n[1] ? n : '0' + n
}

module.exports = {
  formatTime: formatTime,
  request: request
}