RPM方式安装MySQL

a. 检查mysql及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs*

b. 下载Linux对应的RPM包，如：CentOS对应的RPM包，如下：

//devel:
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-C/mysql-connector-c-devel-6.1.6-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
//client:
wget ftp://ftp.icm.edu.pl/vol/rzm4/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
//server:
wget ftp://ftp.icm.edu.pl/vol/rzm4/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-server-5.6.26-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm

或者打开网页下载，移动到所需目录

http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/30709898/dir/other/com/MySQL-server-5.6.26-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm.html

http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/29482009/dir/other/com/MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm.html

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=456205

[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 112544
-rw-rw-r--. 1 footmart footmart 22935183 Aug 12 20:38 MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
-rw-rw-r--. 1 footmart footmart  4056228 Aug 12 17:50 mysql-connector-c-devel-6.1.6-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
-rw-rw-r--. 1 footmart footmart 88246330 Aug 12 20:56 MySQL-server-5.6.26-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm

c.安装Mysql

[root@localhost Public]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.25-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
[root@localhost Public]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.26-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
[root@localhost Public]# rpm -ivh mysql-connector-c-devel-6.1.6-1.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm
[root@localhost Public]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db  #修改配置文件位置
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql start

d. 初始化MySQL及设置密码

[root@localhost rpm]# cat /root/.mysql_secret  #查看root账号密码
# The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): Zg4fm34MvI2OaPGv

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –Zg4fm34MvI2OaPGv
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123');    #设置密码为123
mysql> exit
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123

e. 允许远程登陆

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host                  | user | password                                  |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost             | root | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| localhost.localdomain | root | *9180C7B178A84F847DF7F5F61F34AF056103144E |
| 127.0.0.1             | root | *9180C7B178A84F847DF7F5F61F34AF056103144E |
| ::1                   | root | *9180C7B178A84F847DF7F5F61F34AF056103144E |
+-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set password=password('123') where user='root';
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

f. 设置开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

g. MySQL的默认安装位置

/var/lib/mysql/               #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql              #配置文件目录
/usr/bin                     #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql              #启动脚本

修改字符集和数据存储路径

配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.

[client]  
password        = 123456  
port            = 3306  
default-character-set=utf8  
[mysqld]  
port            = 3306  
character_set_server=utf8  
character_set_client=utf8  
collation-server=utf8_general_ci  
#(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：表名区分大小写，列名不区分大小写； 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写)  
lower_case_table_names=1  
#(设置最大连接数，默认为 151，MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )  
max_connections=1000  
[mysql]  
default-character-set = utf8  

查看字符集

show variables like '%collation%';

show variables like '%char%';