iOS因为沙盒机制,所以只能访问通讯录、相册和App内的文件，下面就来说说如何进行文件管理。

App所产生的数据都存在于自己的沙盒中，一般沙盒都有3个文件：Documents、Library和tmp。
Documents：这个目录存放用户数据。存放用户可以管理的文件；iTunes备份和恢复的时候会包括此目录。
Library:主要使用它的子文件夹,我们熟悉的NSUserDefaults就存在于它的子目录中。
Library/Caches:存放缓存文件，iTunes不会备份此目录，此目录下文件不会在应用退出删除,“删除缓存”一般指的就是清除此目录下的文件。
Library/Preferences:NSUserDefaults的数据存放于此目录下。
tmp:App应当负责在不需要使用的时候清理这些文件，系统在App不运行的时候也可能清理这个目录。

获取App沙盒根路径：

NSString *dirHome=NSHomeDirectory();

获取Documents目录路径：

NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);  
NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];

获取Library目录路径

NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);  
NSString *libraryDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];

获取Library/Caches目录路径

NSArray *cacPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);  
NSString *cachePath = [cacPath objectAtIndex:0];  

获取Tmp目录路径

NSString *tmpDirectory = NSTemporaryDirectory();

创建文件夹/目录(返回创建结果)

-(BOOL)createDir:(NSString *)fileName{
    NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);  
    NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
    NSString * path = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@",documentsDirectory,fileName];
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    BOOL isDir;
    if  (![fileManager fileExistsAtPath:path isDirectory:&isDir]) {//先判断目录是否存在，不存在才创建
    BOOL res=[fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:path withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil]; 
    return res;  
 } else return NO; 

创建文件(返回创建结果)

-(BOOL)createFile:(NSString *)path{  
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSString *testPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.c"];//在传入的路径下创建test.c文件
    BOOL res=[fileManager createFileAtPath:testPath contents:nil attributes:nil];  
//通过data创建数据
    [fileManager createFileAtPath:testPath contents:data attributes:nil];
    return res; 
}  

写数据到文件(返回写入结果)

-(BOOL)writeFile:(NSString *)path{  
    NSString *testPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"test.c"];  
    NSString *content=@"将数据写入到文件！";  
    BOOL res=[content writeToFile:testPath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];  
    return res; 
}  

读文件数据

-(void)readFile:(NSString *)path{  
//方法1:
    NSData * data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];  
    NSString * content = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);  
//方法2:    
    NSString * content = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];  
    NSLog(@"文件读取成功: %@",content);  
}  

文件属性

-(void)fileAttriutes:(NSString *)path{  
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSDictionary *fileAttributes = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtPath:path error:nil];     
    NSArray *keys;  
    id key, value;  
    keys = [fileAttributes allKeys];  
    int count = [keys count];  
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)  
    {  
        key = [keys objectAtIndex: i];  //获取文件名
        value = [fileAttributes objectForKey: key];  //获取文件属性
    }  
}  

根据路径删除文件(返回删除结果)

-(BOOL)deleteFileByPath:(NSString *)path{  
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    
    BOOL res=[fileManager removeItemAtPath:path error:nil];  
    return res;     
    NSLog(@"文件是否存在: %@",[fileManager isExecutableFileAtPath:path]?@"YES":@"NO");  
}  

根据文件名删除文件

- (BOOL)deleteFileByName:(NSString *)name{
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    
    [fileManager removeItemAtPath:[self getLocalFilePath:fileName] error:nil];//getLocalFilePath方法在下面
}

根据路径复制文件

+(BOOL)copyFile:(NSString *)path topath:(NSString *)topath
{
    
    BOOL result = NO;
    NSError * error = nil;
    
    result = [[NSFileManager defaultManager]copyItemAtPath:path toPath:topath error:&error ];
    
    if (error){
        NSLog(@"copy失败：%@",[error localizedDescription]);
    }
    return result;
}

根据路径剪切文件

+(BOOL)cutFile:(NSString *)path topath:(NSString *)topath
{
    
    BOOL result = NO;
    NSError * error = nil;
    result = [[NSFileManager defaultManager]moveItemAtPath:path toPath:topath error:&error ];
    if (error){
        NSLog(@"cut失败：%@",[error localizedDescription]);
    }
    return result;
    
}

根据文件名获取资源文件路径

+(NSString *)getResourcesFile:(NSString *)fileName
{
    return [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:fileName ofType:nil];
}

根据文件名获取文件路径

+(NSString *)getLocalFilePath:(NSString *) fileName
{
    NSString * path = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"/Documents"]
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@",path,fileName];
}

根据文件路径获取文件名称

+(NSString *)getFileNameByPath:(NSString *)filepath
{
    NSArray *array=[filepath componentsSeparatedByString:@"/"];
    if (array.count==0) return filepath;
    return [array objectAtIndex:array.count-1];
}

根据路径获取该路径下所有目录

+(NSArray *)getAllFileByName:(NSString *)path
{
    NSFileManager *defaultManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSArray *array = [defaultManager contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:path error:nil];
    return array;
}

根据路径获取文件目录下所有文件

+(NSArray *)getAllFloderByName:(NSString *)path
{
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    
    NSArray * fileAndFloderArr = [self getAllFileByName:path];
    
    NSMutableArray *dirArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    BOOL isDir = NO;
    //在上面那段程序中获得的fileList中列出文件夹名
    for (NSString * file in fileAndFloderArr){
        
        NSString *paths = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:file];
        [fileManager fileExistsAtPath:paths isDirectory:(&isDir)];
        if (isDir) {
            [dirArray addObject:file];
        }
        isDir = NO;
    }
    return dirArray;
}

获取文件及目录的大小

+(float)sizeOfDirectory:(NSString *)dir{
    NSDirectoryEnumerator *direnum = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] enumeratorAtPath:dir];
    NSString *pname;
    int64_t s=0;
    while (pname = [direnum nextObject]){
        //NSLog(@"pname   %@",pname);
        NSDictionary *currentdict=[direnum fileAttributes];
        NSString *filesize=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",[currentdict objectForKey:NSFileSize]];
        NSString *filetype=[currentdict objectForKey:NSFileType];
        
        if([filetype isEqualToString:NSFileTypeDirectory]) continue;
        s=s+[filesize longLongValue];
    }
    return s*1.0;
}

重命名文件或目录

+(BOOL)renameFileName:(NSString *)oldName toNewName:(NSString *)newName
{
    
    BOOL result = NO;
    NSError * error = nil;
    result = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] moveItemAtPath:[kDSRoot stringByAppendingPathComponent:oldName] toPath:[kDSRoot stringByAppendingPathComponent:newName] error:&error];
    
    if (error){
        NSLog(@"重命名失败：%@",[error localizedDescription]);
    }
    
    return result;
}

读取文件

+(NSData *)readFileContent:(NSString *)filePath{
    
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] contentsAtPath:filePath];
}

保存文件

+(BOOL)saveToDirectory:(NSString *)path data:(NSData *)data name:(NSString *)newName

{
    NSString * resultPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"/%@",newName]];
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createFileAtPath:resultPath contents:data attributes:nil];
}

未完待续。。。（通讯录和相册）

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