语法格式：row_number() over(partition by 分组列 order by 排序列 desc)

row_number() over()分组排序功能：

在使用 row_number() over()函数时候，over()里头的分组以及排序的执行晚于 where 、group by、 order by 的执行。

create table TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER(
       id varchar(10) not null,
       name varchar(10) null,
       age varchar(10) null,
       salary int null
);
select * from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER t;

insert into TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER(id,name,age,salary) values(1,'a',10,8000);
insert into TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER(id,name,age,salary) values(1,'a2',11,6500);
insert into TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER(id,name,age,salary) values(2,'b',12,13000);
insert into TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER(id,name,age,salary) values(2,'b2',13,4500);
insert into TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER(id,name,age,salary) values(3,'c',14,3000);
insert into TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER(id,name,age,salary) values(3,'c2',15,20000);
insert into TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER(id,name,age,salary) values(4,'d',16,30000);

select id,name,age,salary,row_number()over(order by salary desc) rn
from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER t

select id,name,age,salary,row_number()over(partition by id order by salary desc) rn from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER t;

select  * from (select id,name,age,salary,row_number() over(partition by id order by salary desc) rn from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER) t1

select * from (select id,name,age,salary,row_number() over(partition by id order by salary desc) rn from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER) t1

没有t1的话，会报错如下：

select  * from (select id,name,age,salary,row_number() over(partition by id order by salary desc) rn from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER) t1
where t1.rn<2

select id,name,age,salary,row_number()over(order by salary desc)  rn
from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER t where t.age between '13' and '16'

with的用法

with tabs as
(
    select id, name, age, salary, row_number()over(partition by id order by salary desc) rn
    from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER t
)
select *
from tabs where rn=1;

在使用over等开窗函数时，over里头的分组及排序的执行晚于“where，group by，order by”的执行。

select id,name,age,salary,rank()over(order by salary desc) rn
from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER t

select id,name,age,salary, DENSE_RANK() over(order by salary desc) rn
from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER t

select id,name,age,salary, NTILE(4)  over(order by salary desc) rn
from TEST_ROW_NUMBER_OVER t

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
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Database changed

mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user; 

flush privileges;